The usage of tent structures in buildings has gained popularity in recent years due to their flexibility, versatility, and cost-effectiveness. These lightweight structures are made with a combination of materials, including fabric, cables, and pneumatics, and are typically used for outdoor shelters, temporary structures, and geodesic domes.
Tent structures, also known as tensile structures, are lightweight constructions that are supported by tensioned cables or fabric membranes. They are typically composed of two main structures:
Tent structures come in different types that have unique characteristics and advantages, making them ideal for different purposes. Here are the four types of tent structures used in architecture:
Tensile membrane structures are supported by tensioned cables or fabric membranes, creating a lightweight and flexible structure. These structures are versatile and can be designed in various shapes and sizes, making them ideal for temporary structures, such as event spaces or exhibition halls.
The stadium features a translucent roof made of ETFE (ethylene tetrafluoroethylene) membrane supported by a network of cables and steel frames, creating a unique and visually striking design. This type of tensile membrane structure allows for natural light to enter the stadium while also providing shelter for spectators and players.
Air-supported structures are held up by air pressure and are often used for temporary structures, such as sports domes or concert halls. These structures are lightweight, easy to assemble, and take up little space, making them an ideal choice for temporary structures.
The Silverdome was a multi-purpose stadium that used a large fabric roof inflated with air to create a self-supporting enclosure. This innovative design allowed for a column-free interior space and provided flexibility for hosting various events such as sports games, concerts, and exhibitions. The air-supported roof system was used to maintain the stadium's shape and provide cover for the entire playing area.
Frame-supported structures are supported by a structural frame, such as poles or masts, creating a strong and sturdy structure. These structures are designed in various shapes and sizes, making them ideal for permanent structures, such as stadiums or arenas. They can also be used for temporary structures, such as trade shows and exhibitions.
The Khan Shatyr Entertainment Center is an example of a large free-supported tent structure. Khan Shatyr is a transparent tent-like building made of a special ETFE membrane material that allows natural light to enter while providing climate control inside the structure.
The tent is supported by a network of cable and mast structures, resembling the shape of a traditional Kazakh yurt. Inside, you'll find a shopping center, entertainment facilities, and even an indoor beach resort, making it a unique and innovative architectural landmark.
Cable and mast-supported structures are supported by a network of cables and masts, creating a unique and modern design. These structures can be designed in various shapes and sizes, making them ideal for large open spaces, such as parks or public squares. They can also be used for permanent structures, such as museums or cultural centers.
One example of a cable and mast tent structure is the Expo 2010 Shanghai China's Theme Pavilion, also known as the "Crown of the East." This distinctive pavilion was a centerpiece of the 2010 World Expo held in Shanghai, China. The tent-like structure features an intricate network of tensioned cables and masts that support a translucent fabric roof.
The design creates a visually striking and unique architectural form while providing a large covered space for exhibitions and events inside. The combination of cable and mast elements gives the pavilion its characteristic shape and helps distribute the load of the roof material.
